Work in health during the pandemic: Experiences of linking with the community related to the social production of care in Mar del Plata, Argentina / Trabajar en salud durante la pandemia: Experiencias de vinculación con la comunidad relativas a la producción social del cuidado en Mar del Plata, Argentina

Resumen En este artículo proponemos visibilizar las estrategias de vinculación comunitaria de trabajadores/as de salud pública relativas a la producción del cuidado en el contexto crítico de la pandemia de la covid-19, signado por la profundización de la pobreza, la restricción de los servicios de salud y las tensiones del sistema sanitario en Argentina. Con un diseño metodológico cualitativo y enfoque etnográfico, entrevistamos a trabajadoras/es de distintas disciplinas, ocupaciones y géneros que se desempeñan en centros de salud y hospitales públicos en Mar del Plata y zonas rurales circundantes, entre los meses de marzo y diciembre de 2021. A partir de sus narrativas, analizamos las dimensiones de acceso a la alimentación, medicación y terapias holísticas, las dificultades encontradas y su contribución a la producción social del cuidado en salud. Concluimos que las estrategias generadas conllevan el potencial instituyente para la reorientación de los servicios públicos de salud de acuerdo con los desafíos del derecho a la salud desde la perspectiva de género y derechos en el tránsito a la postpandemia.

Abstract In this article we propose to make visible the strategies of community engagement of public health workers related to the production of care in the critical context of the covid-19 pandemic, marked by the deepening of poverty, the restriction of health services and the tensions of the health system in Argentina. With a qualitative methodological design and ethnographic approach, we interviewed workers from different disciplines, occupations and genders, who work in health centers and public hospitals in Mar del Plata and surrounding rural areas, between the months of March and December 2021. Based on their narratives, we analyze the dimensions of access to food, medication and holistic therapies, the difficulties encountered and their contribution to the social production of health care. We conclude that the strategies generated carry the instituting potential for the reorientation of public health services in accordance with the challenges of the right to health from the perspective of gender and rights in the transition to the post-pandemic.

"This Time Changed my Life”: Discourses and Experiences of Domestic Workers During the Pandemic in Granada and Zaragoza, Spain

The purpose of this article is to analyze how the covid-19 pandemic affected the perceptions and uses of time of domestic workers in Spain, focusing, in particular, on the cities of Granada and Zaragoza. Our work derives from the project "El cuidado importa. Impacto de género en las cuidadoras/es de mayores y dependientes en tiempos de la Covid-19” (CUMADE) coordinated by Universidad Rovira I Virgili de Tarragona-Cataluña (Spain), and run by interdisciplinary research teams from ten Spanish universities between the months of September 2020 and January 2021. The research is qualitative, based on in-depth interviews, and designed to investigate the impact of covid-19 on the care of the elderly and dependents and, more specifically, on the domestic workers' sector. Temporality, so severely affected by the uncertainty and unpredictability of the new situation, provides an interesting axis for qualitative analysis of the discourses of women workers on the way in which the pandemic has conditioned their daily lives. To undertake this analysis, we base ourselves on the work of Ramón Ramos on las imágenes sociales del tiempo (the social images of time). This approach represents an original and novel analysis of the reality of domestic workers, while at the same time dialoguing with other recent work on this issue. The images of time as a resource, scenario, or horizon serve to analyze the discourse of our interviewees and show how time, understood as a social category, has structured and organized their lives. We consider what they have been able to do and what they have not been able to do, the distribution and intensification of tasks, their plans for the future, and the physical and emotional impact of the pandemic. © 2023, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota Colombia. All rights reserved.

Inclusiveness and Participation in the Design of Public Spaces: Her City and the Challenge of the Post-Pandemic Scenario

The COVID-19 pandemic made visible the need for greater participation of diverse communities in the planning of cities since it revealed exclusions based on gender, migratory status, and class. As a result, initiatives were launched that applied new technologies, digital platforms, and data-based intelligence to bring alternative solutions to the re-use and re-management of public space. The aim of this article is to analyze Her City, a joint effort of UN-Habitat and Global Utmaning, meant to guide urban actors to implement projects through an open and digitally accessible platform that involves girls and young women in urban planning and design. The authors conducted a review of literature and analyzed a case study that included the application of the Toolbox in Chania, Greece, concluding that although Her City can face challenges in the post pandemic scenario, it could be considered among these new, radical, and forward-thinking technologies, groundbreaking from an urban planning point of view that can address large-scale challenges or opportunities in the design of public spaces.

Gendered-Perspective Agile Leadership in the VUCA Era during the Covid-19 Pandemic

This study was to formulate a gender-responsive agile leadership model during the Covid-19 pandemic. A systematic literature review using PRISMA methods and field research on 18 purposely selected mid-level managers was conducted. The research discovers that first, agile leadership characteristics can be classified into individual and organizational dimensions. Individual characteristics include the personal values of agile leaders with good personalities. Organizational characteristics are characteristics to maintain and bring the organization to face a fast-changing and uncertain world. Second, the characteristics of gender-perspective leadership in the Covid-19 era are the commitment to change the management system, organizational culture, and the quality of leadership to promote gender equity. Finally, the Gendered-Perspective Agile Leadership model in the VUCA era during the Covid-19 pandemic is a leadership model that can quickly respond to gender issues through management system change, organizational culture, and character development of leaders oriented to individual and organizational characteristics. Individually trained leader characters are supposed to be intelligent, optimistic, communicative, accountable and compassionate, while organizationally oriented leader characters are adaptive, responsive, innovative, flexible, and transparent. This paper uses thematic analysis to fill the gap of the gendered-perspective agile leadership model by exploring the characteristics of gendered-perspective agile leadership in the COVID- 19 era. © 2022 by the Author(s).

COVID-19 Impacts on Architecture Educators in India- A review of gender perceptions

The majority of the academic institutions across the globe transitioned education delivery to alternate methods, irrespective of specializations, in response to the pandemic. However, very little is explored regarding how architecture educators perceive the Online Learning Environment (OLE) transition impacts based on gender differences. The need for such a study emerges as the literature indicates that women are more impacted than males during natural disasters, which might include a pandemic. The unit of analysis for the study was architecture educators in India. India was purposely selected as it is one of the top three countries globally from the perspective of enrolled university students. The study explored the impacts of the OLE transition among architecture educators as per gender in India. An online survey method was used to allow adequate data collection during a pandemic. The developed online instrument was hosted on Qualtrics. The developed online instrument was pilot tested by education experts in India. The instrument was emailed to the deans of more than 450 architecture colleges in India for dissemination among the educators affiliated with the institutions. In addition, the research team used interpersonal channels such as Whatsapp for instrument distribution. Two follow-up emails were sent to increase the response rate. The survey instrument was disseminated in March and April 2021, one year after the pandemic had impacted globally, also the timeframe when the pandemic started to severely impact India. The study used 165 complete responses from architecture educators. Approximately 59% of the respondents identified themselves as females. Further, most of the respondents had a Master's degree as a terminal degree. The study identified perception differences of COVID-19 impact on architecture educators. The study found that female educators had less experience with OLE and were less aware of the resources available at the University and institute levels before the impact of COVID-19. At the same time, a higher number of male educators indicated a negative productivity impact than their female counterparts. Finally, agreement among genders could be observed in the areas of administration monitoring online teaching, factors impacting the productivity of the architecture educators, and concerns about working from home. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022.

Market Women's Perspectives on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Case of Ghana and South Africa.

Globally, countries are still battling health challenges and the negative economic stress on the citizenry caused by COVID-19. This study explored the perspectives of market women in Ghana and South Africa on COVID-19. Data collection was executed in both Ghana and South Africa between March 2021 and December 2021. Employing semi-structured questionnaires, face-to-face interviews were conducted. Most of the market women in Ghana described COVID-19 as a global pandemic, while market women in South Africa described the disease as the deadly flu. There were similarities in the perceived signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Market women in both countries specifically observed that not adhering to the safety protocols was the major mode of transmission. Lemon, garlic and ginger were the most common foodstuffs used by the market women to fight COVID-19. To prevent COVID-19 at their places of work, market women stressed the importance of observing the safety protocols. An overwhelming majority of market women in both countries bemoaned the negative impact of COVID-19 on their businesses and suggested the need for financial assistance from their respective governments. The findings are intended to assist policymakers in both Ghana and South Africa to implement interventional projects to assist women whom the literature suggests are the most vulnerable during pandemics such as COVID-19.

Latin American female academic perceptions about the COVID pandemic’s impact on gender equity and within-country inequality

Purpose: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has brought us a serious economic, health and social problem worldwide crisis. In this context, there has been an increase in inequality between men and women throughout the world. In this situation of home confinement, uncertainty, stress and fear, women have been the most affected, regardless of their education level. The purpose of this study is to know the impact on the perception of academic women who suffered from a lack of gender equality (sustainable development) during the pandemic (SDG 5) and, therefore, the increase in the gender inequality gap (SDG 10) in Latin America (LA). Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study has a nonexperimental field and cross-sectional design that uses the field technique of focus groups. Findings: This study revealed the deepest feelings of women researchers on this issue, leading to a deep reflection on the need to build the basis to transform unequal gender relations and introduce the gender perspective in a cross-sectional manner in a university context. Originality/value: This study, analyzed from a gender perspective, aimed to unravel the complexity in which the majority of LA women academics live and to explain the gaps and differences in their lives caused by the inequalities that have increased due to the pandemic in Latin American societies. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

INTERNAL COMMUNICATION AS A CATALYST FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE

Objectives: To study conflict management within companies in the hotel sector as an integrating element of internal communication studied from a gender perspective. Hotel organizations can use internal communication as a catalyst for conflict management, focusing their attention on the role of women in the world of work, integrating them and minimizing existing inequalities and aggravated by COVID-19 in order to align with the 2030 SDGs. Methodology: A questionnaire was used together with interviews with experts who validated it, with a mixed, quantitative and qualitative approach, using the Montercarlo Simulation method for the first, providing the research with greater reliability when faced with an infinite sample. Results: Internal communication is a useful tool in the management of labor relations and conflict in companies in the studied sector. Collaborative family burdens and conflict coping stand out, related to the circumstances and characteristics of working women. Conclusions: If the integration of women in the company is combined and the focus is placed on achieving full equality, the use of internal communication will substantially improve the work environment and results. Originality and value of the article: This study provides originality in terms of the subject matter by combining three aspects that are traditionally addressed separately, such as internal communication, conflict management within organizations and the gender perspective.

Impact of the Covid-19 crisis on labor in the tourism sector in Spain: Territorial and gender perspectives

The Spanish tourism sector, and specifically its labor force, has been severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. According to official data, the aftermaths are variated concerning diversity of regions, territorial typologies, and segments of the tourism industry. In addition, differential impacts can be observed by sex. This paper deepens into the impacts, both territorial and gendered, in tourism employment as a consequence of the first wave of the pandemic (spring 2020). Selected structural variables related, both to the characteristics of the territories and to the activity, have been considered. The first step in the study has been setting up a database concerning structural and short-term indicators, at the provincial and municipal levels. Thematic cartography and principal component analysis have been carried out, complemented with spatial autocorrelation analysis (Moran's Index). The study reveals that highly specialized tourist locations (sun and beach places), were very vulnerable, related to the drop of the international demand. On the contrary, rural mountain areas have shown high levels of resilience, according to the preferences of national tourism during the summer of 2020. Female labor in the tourist industry also experienced a significant decrease, although its behavior is quite similar to the activity as a whole. © 2021 Asociacion de Geografos Espanoles. All rights reserved.

[Monitoring COVID-19 in Spain: is a gender analysis possible?] / Monitorización de la COVID-19 en España: ¿es posible un análisis con perspectiva de género?

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the sex disaggregation and availability of gender indicators in the reports of the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE) and the National Study of Sero-Epidemiology (ENE-COVID-19). METHOD: Peer review of indicators available in 72 RENAVE reports and 4 rounds of the ENE-COVID-19 study to calculate the percentage of those disaggregated by sex and their variation over time. RESULTS: In March 2021, 52.4% of RENAVE indicators were disaggregated by sex. From July 2020, 54% of disaggregated indicators ceased to be published and 23% lost their disaggregation. In the ENE-COVID-19 study, the 1st round 88,23% of the indicators are disaggregated and the 4th round 94,74%. The 2nd and 3rd round do not disaggregated by sex. CONCLUSIONS: The RENAVE reports do not allow for a gender-sensitive analysis while the ENE-COVID-19 study provides the most information on social determinants.

[Gender invisibility in the COVID-19 management: who are the policy decision-makers during the pandemic?] / Invisibilidad de género en la gestión de la COVID-19: ¿quién toma las decisiones políticas durante la pandemia?

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the gender composition of the advisory boards created for the management and policy decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. METHOD: A peer review was carried out to identify the advisory boards involved in the management of COVID-19 in the autonomous regions and in Spain. Name, number of members, sex and sources of information were collected, and the percentage of women was calculated. RESULTS: At the regional level, the composition of eleven advisory boards was identified, with a mean representation of women of 39.2%; 42.9% at the national level. 75% of all boards represented women below the parity threshold. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant under-representation of women in the advisory boards for the COVID-19 management, which may limit a necessary feminist perspective for the crisis recovery.